Insulin is a hormone secreted by the pancreas in response to increases in blood sugar– glucose in the blood – levels.

It is vital for turning the food we eat in to energy.

The pancreas continuously provides insulin but more is released directly after eating, and levels drop off as blood sugar levels decrease.

In the blood, insulin helps move this glucose in to the cells of the body and at the same time stops glucose production in the liver.

It also causes fat to be stored on the body rather than being used for energy which is why it is associated with weight gain.

In normal circumstances, the pancreas supplies insulin in direct proportion to the body’s needs, but if the body is not able to regulate the balance of glucose and insulin, problems can arise.

Insulin resistance occurs when cells are not able to respond properly to insulin, become "insensitive" and cannot effectively absorb glucose from the blood. The blood can become thick and muscles are not able to take on the nutrients required for optimal function. This can eventually lead to type 2 diabetes, a condition where blood sugar levels become too high due to the severity of insulin resistance. Both of these conditions are associated with diets high in sugary foods.

You can increase your insulin sensitivity by exercising regularly and consuming plenty of unprocessed foods. Lots of sleep, a good supply of omega-3 fats, and lots of water may also help keep you in balance.