THE UK’s economy would suffer a large negative shock if it left the EU, the Organisation For Economic Co-operation And Development has said.

By 2020, GDP in the UK could be more than three per cent below the level it might otherwise have been if it had remained in the EU, the think tank said.

In the rest of the EU, GDP would be about one per cent weaker as a result, it said.

Lower trade openness would hit the UK’s economic dynamism and productivity in the long term too, the OECD said.

“The weaker UK economy, as well as possible new restrictions after exit from the European Union, would lower net migration inflows, adding to the supply-side challenges by reducing the size of the labour force,” the OECD said in its latest economic outlook.

“Some of these effects could be offset by reductions in domestic regulatory burdens, but the overall net effect on living standards would be strongly negative.

“By 2030, UK GDP could be more than five per cent lower than otherwise if Brexit had not occurred.”

The OECD said that the impact of a Leave vote would not be merely confined to the EU, which warned of “substantial negative consequences for the United Kingdom, the European Union and the rest of the world.”

“Weaker demand in the European economies also adversely affects the rest of the world, with GDP in the Brics and other non-OECD economies lowered by over half a percentage point by 2018,” the OECD said. “Within these groups, Turkey and Russia are relatively heavily hit, reflecting their comparatively strong trade linkages with the European economies.”

The OECD downgraded its forecast for UK growth this year to 1.7 per cent, from the 2.2 per cent that it predicted in February.

This forecast assumes that the country will remain in the EU.

Chancellor George Osborne welcomed the report.

He said: “While the Leave campaign indulges in the fantasy politics of uncosted and unworkable proposals, in the real world we have had another wake-up call of the grim economic consequences of leaving the EU and the single market.

“The highly respected, independent OECD has significantly downgraded Britain’s growth because of uncertainty about the outcome of the referendum, and they are clear that is just a taste of worse to come if Britain leaves the EU.”

In its wider assessment of the global economy, the OECD said that eight years after the financial crisis, the recovery remains disappointingly weak.

It forecast global GDP growth of three per cent in 2016, unchanged from last year, with only a modest improvement foreseen in 2017, while global trade growth remained subdued.

“Many emerging market economies have lost momentum,” the OECD said.

“The upturn in the advanced economies remains modest, with growth held back by slow wage gains and subdued investment,” said the report.

“All this culminates in growth rates much weaker than anticipated a few years ago.”

The OECD said the global economy was stuck in a “low-growth trap” which required collective action and structural reforms.

“It is clear that reliance on monetary policy alone has failed to deliver satisfactory growth and inflation,” it said, adding that “almost all countries have scope to reallocate public spending towards more growth-friendly items”.