Summertime and the holidays bring children outside to have fun in playgrounds and paddling pools, on beaches and at barbecues and parties.

But with so many outdoor activities to enjoy, minor mishaps are bound to occur, and perhaps occasionally, a more serious accident.

A major factor in summer accidents is that parents and children are more often away from home visiting unfamiliar places or locations, according to Kerri Summers of The Parent Company, which offers first aid courses to parents.

"Conscientious parents - and they're the majority - will generally make sure, for instance, that dangerous chemicals or cleaning fluids are locked safely away in their own homes. But problems can arise when they visit relatives, go on outings or perhaps stay in a holiday home where there aren't the same safeguards,'' she said.

Kerri, 43, who founded the company ten years ago after her baby son nearly died after choking on a grape, but was saved through her nanny's first aid skills, said: "I would always urge parents to take a first aid course. There will always be risks in childhood activities, whether it's climbing trees or swimming - but this way parents can face the fear and be equipped to deal with whatever happens rather than acting out of fear."

So, what are the things to look out for and how do you treat them if they arise?

GENERAL TIPS n Have a First Aid kit at home, handy in the car, or in your luggage if you're travelling.

n Always take a emergency kit with you on days out, including plasters, antiseptic wipes for cleaning cuts and grazes, Calpol sachets, anti-histamines (great for insect bites, nettle stings, hayfever and the like).

n Try to think ahead and anticipate hazards that might arise in a new location. For instance, ensure kids wear beach shoes so they can avoid cuts from sharp stones on beaches or stings.

n Don't assume other people have the same safety standards, or rely on other parents to ensure your child stays safe, especially if there's a large group of children on an activity, particularly in a pool.

n Be vigilant! Children are naturally curious and adventurous and are fascinated by water. Supervise children in paddling pools and empty them immediately after use.